Seizures

Abbott LC, Nejad HH, Bottje WG, Hassan AS. Glutathione levels in specific brain regions of genetically epileptic (tg/tg) mice. Brain Res Bull 1990 Oct; 25 (4): 629-31 Medline

Abe K, Nakanishi K, Saito H. The anticonvulsive effect of glutathione in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 1999 Nov; 22 (11):1177-9 Medline

Abe K, Nakanishi K, Saito H. The possible role of endogenous glutathione as an anticonvulsant in mice. Brain Res 2000 Jan 31; 854 (1-2): 235-8 Medline

Bellissimo MI, Amado D. Abdalla DS, Ferreira EC,Cavalheiro EA Naffah-Mazzacoratti MG. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activities and the hydroperoxide concentration are modified in the hippocampus of epileptic rats. Epilepsy Res 2001 Aug; 46 (2): 121-8 Medline

Ben-Menachem E, Kyllerman M, Marklund S. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase function in progressive myoclonus epilepsies.Epilepsy Res 2000 Jun; 40 (1): 33-9 Medline

Beutler E, Curnutte JT, Forman L. Glutathione peroxidase deficiency and childhood seizures. Lancet 1991 Sep 14: 338 (8768):700 Medline

Cengiz M, Yuksel A, Seven M. The effects of carbamazepine and valproic acid on the erythrocyte glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and serum lipid peroxidation in epileptic children. Pharmacol Res 2000 Apr; 41 (4): 423-5 Medline

Cock HR, Tong X, Hargreaves IP, Heales SJ, Clark JB, Patsalos PN, Thom M, Groves M, Schapira AH, Shorvon SD, Walker MC. Mitochondrial dysfunction associated with neuronal death following status epilepticus in rat. Epilepsy Res 2002 Feb: 48 (3): 157-68 Medline

Erakovic V, Zupan G, Varljen J, Radosevic S, Simonic A. Electroconvulsive shock in rats: changes in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2000 Mar 29; 76 (2): 266-74 Medline

Frantseva MV, Perez Velazquez JL, Tsoraklidis G, Mendonca AJ, Adamchik Y, Mills LR, Carlen PL, Burnham MW. Oxidative stress is involved in seizure-induced neurodegeneration in the kindling model of epilepsy. Neuroscience 2000; 97 (3): 431-5 Medline

Frantseva MV, Velazquez JL, Hwang PA, Carlen PL. Free radical production correlates with cell death in an in vitro model of epilepsy. Eur J Neurosci 2000 Apr; 12 (4): 1431-9 Medline

Gluck MR, Jayatilleke E, Shaw S, Rowan AJ, Haroutunian V. CNS oxidative stress associated with the kainic acid rodent model of experimental epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2000 Mar; 39 (1): 63-71 Medline

Hiramatsu M, Mori A. Brain glutathione and seizures. Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn 1980; 34 (3): 363 Medline

Hiramatsu M, Mori A. Reduced and oxidized glutathione in brain and convulsions. Neurochem Res 1981 Mar; 6 (3): 301-6 Medline

Hurd RW, Wilder BJ, Helveston WR, Uthman BM. Treatment of four siblings with progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Unverricht- Lundborg type with N-acetylcysteine. Neurology 1996 Nov; 47 (5): 1264-8 Medline

Jenkinson SG, Jordan JM, Duncan CA. Effects of selenium deficiency on glutathione-induced protection from hyperbaric hyperoxia in rat. Am J Physiol 1989 Dec; 257 (6 Pt 1): L393-8 Medline

Jiang D, Akopian G, Ho YS, Walsh JP, Andersen JK. Chronic brain oxidation in a glutathione peroxidase knockout mouse model results in increased resistance to induced epileptic seizures. Exp Neurol 2000 Aug; 164 (2): 257-68 Medline

Kurekci AE, Alpay F, Tanindi S, Gokcay E, Ozcan O, Akin R, Isimer A, Sayal A. Plasma trace element, plasma glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels in epileptic children receiving antiepileptic drug therapy. Epilepsia 1995 Jun; 36 (6): 600-4 Medline

Liu CS, Wu HM, Kao SH, Wei YH. Serum trace elements, glutathione, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation in epileptic patients with phenytoin or carbamazepine monotherapy. Clin Neuropharmacol 1998 Jan-Feb; 21 (1): 62-4 Medline

Lores Arnaiz S, Travacio M, Llesuy S, Rodriguez de Lores Arnaiz G. Regional vulnerability to oxidative stress in a model of experimental epilepsy. Neurochem Res 1998 Dec; 23 (12): 1477-83 Medline

Louw DF, Bose R, Sima AA, Sutherland GR. Evidence for a high free radical state in low-grade astrocytomas. Neurosurgery 1997 Nov; 41 (5): 1146-50; discussion 1151 Medline

Mueller SG, Trabesinger AH, Boesiger P, Wieser HG. Brain glutathione levels in patients with epilepsy measured by in vivo (1) H-MRS. Neurology 2001 Oct 23; 57 (8): 1422-7 Medline

Ogita K, Kitayama T, Okuda H, Yoneda Y. Effects of glutathione depletion by 2-cyclohexen-1-one on excitatory amino acids-induced enhancement of activator protein-1 DNA binding in murine hippocampus. J Neurochem 2001 Mar; 76 (6): 1905-15 Medline

Ono H, Sakamoto A, Sakura N. Plasma total glutathione concentrations in epileptic patients taking anticonvulsants. Clin Chim Acta. 2000 Aug; 298 (1-2): 135-43 Medline

Peacock MD, Schenk DA, Lawrence RA, Morgan JA, Jenkinson SG. Elimination of glutathione-induced protection from hyperbaric hyperoxia by acivicin. J Appl Physiol. 1994 Mar; 76 (3): 1279-84 Medline

Pinelli A, Trivulzio S. Colombo-Zefinetti G, Tofanetti O. Anti-convulsant effects by reduced glutathione and related aminoacids in rats treated with isoniazid. Toxicology 1988 Jan; 48 (1): 103-7 Medline

Ramaekers, VT, Calomme M, Vanden Berghe D. Makropoulos W. Selenium deficiency triggering intractable seizures. Neuropediatrics 1994 Aug; 25 (4): 217-23 Medline

Ravikumar A. Arun P, Devi KV, Augustine J, Kurup PA. Isoprenoid pathway and free radical generation and damage in neuropsychiatric disorders. Indian J Exp Biol 2000 May; 38 (5): 438-46 Medline

Santavuori P, Heiskala H, Westermarck T, Sainio K, Moren R. Experience over 17 years with antioxidant treatment in Spielmeyer-Sjogren disease. Am J Med Genet Suppl. 1988; 5:265-74 Medline

Singh R, Pathak DN. Lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glucos- 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in FeC13-induced epileptogenic foci in the rat brain. Epilepsia 1990 Jan-Feb; 31 (1): 15-26 Medline

Sudha K, Rao AV, Rao A. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in epilepsy. Clin Chim Acta. 2001 Jan; 303 (1-2): 19-24 Medline

Tupeev IR, Kryzhanovskii GN, Nikushkin EV, Bordiukov MM, Iuzefova SM. The antioxidant system in the dynamic combined treatment of epilepsy patients with traditonal anticonvulsant preparations and an antioxidant – alpha-tocopherol. Biull Eksp Biol Med 1993 Oct; 116 (10): 362-4 Medline

Weber GF, Maertens P, Meng XZ, Pippenger CE. Glutathione peroxidase deficiency and childhood seizures. Lancet 1991 Jun 15; 337 (8755): 1443-4 Medline

Wei YH, Lu CY Wei CY, Ma YS, Lee HC. Oxidative stress in human aging and mictochondrial disease-consequences of defective mitochondrial respiration and impaired antioxidant enzyme system. Chin J Physiol 2001 Mar 31; 44 (1): 1-11 Medline

Yuksel A, Cengiz M, Seven M, Ulutin T. Erythrocyte glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and serum lipid peroxidation in epileptic children with valproate and carbamazepine monotherapy. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 11 (1): 73-81 Medline

Yuksel A, Cengiz M, Seven M, Ulutin T. Changes in antioxidant system in epileptic children receiving antiepileptic drugs: two-year prospective studies. J Child Neurol 2001 Aug; 16 (8): 603-6 Medline